<\/p>\n
Muxamedov\u00a0 Azizbek\u00a0 Xolmurod o\u2019g\u2019li,<\/p>\n
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Philological Sciences<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Jizzakh State Pedagogical University,<\/p>\n
Tilavova Malika Mamaraimovna, Teacher of English<\/p>\n
Language Theory and Practice Department,<\/p>\n
Jizzakh State Pedagogical University<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Abstract<\/strong>: The study points to inquire about neologisms related to certain regions that have not been adequately considered in Uzbek phonetics. In this article, the think about of neologisms related to instruction, medication and economy of a phrased nature, their auxiliary structure and semantic-etymological viewpoints was carried out. Neologisms comprise of one or more words that express one of a kind concepts related to science and innovation within the lexicon of the dialect, are not utilized in a metaphorical sense, don’t have a equivalent word within the dialect, and are frequently internationalized as dialect instruments. When considering the history of the dialect, able to see that numerous words have held their unique meaning in spite of changes, but in a few cases this thing has totally vanished.<\/p>\n Key words: <\/strong>Neologisms, portmanteau (blend words), derived and transferred words, a diffused neologism, smog, brunch, transcription, transliteration, copying, visual translation, anti-vaxxer, mascallergy, super-spreader, twindemic, briefing aids, carrying capacity.<\/p>\n Language is the wealth of society, it enables the interaction of society members increases, gathers and informs about all the events and phenomena that occur in a person’s material and spiritual life.<\/p>\n The lexicon of the Uzbek language is very rich.\u00a0 It contains polysemantic and synonymous, antonymous and formative, emotional-expressive words with a wide range of meanings, which serve to make the speech figurative and attractive.\u00a0 Using the possibilities of our native language and creating beautiful artistic images depends on the artist’s skill in using words.\u00a0 Learning the mother tongue is an extremely urgent task.\u00a0 The highest achievements of human thought, the deepest knowledge and the most fiery feelings, if they are not clearly and clearly expressed by means of words, remain unknown to people.\u00a0 During the following decades, the translation activity in our country, like all other countries, has been developing consistently.\u00a0 In line with it, the quality of translations is gradually improving. \u00a0One of the factors giving a significant impetus to this is the fact that the theory of translation has been seriously advancing in recent times. At this point, let’s think about the use of neologisms in our country.<\/p>\n First, let’s look for an answer to the question of what a neologism is. A neologism can be a brand new word gaining usage in a language, or a new meaning for a word already in existence. Such a term isn’t typically in common use, but may become so if it is used often. Neologisms can come from a variety of places and might be gleaned from scientific or technical language, come from other languages, be derived by putting two words together, or they may be solely invented, as in the case of words like “Jabberwocky” from the famous Lewis Carroll poem. Linguistic specialists suggest new words often migrate into a language most with great cultural changes or with the integration of two cultures that speak two different languages. Arguably, things like\u00a0social media \u00a0may also have great influence on what new words become part of a language.<\/p>\n Linguists regularly classify the neologism by its degree of utilize in a dialect. The infant word is at to begin with unsteady, and it\u2019s difficult to figure whether it’ll take hold and inevitably be a word that most individuals know and utilize. A diffused neologism <\/em>implies that numerous individuals are utilizing the word, but it doesn\u2019t however have formal acknowledgment as a word, and eventually, in case the word remains well known it may accomplish steady status. It has gotten to be portion of the dialect and is likely to be characterized in dictionaries. There are a few who welcome the neologism as a characteristic prepare of dialect since unused words ended up portion of dialect continually. Others see neologisms as debasements of the central dialect and they may contend against their incorporation, particularly in any sort of formal composing setting. This moment gather more often than not loses the argument because dialect isn’t inactive; it grows or shrivels at all times, and word utilize within the common masses or indeed in the scholarly world doesn\u2019t stay the same. On the other hand, students should be warned that use of a diffused or unstable neologism in academic writing is not likely to be met with favor. If a writing assignment requires formal language, it\u2019s usually not appropriate to use a newly coined word. Ironically, many neologisms come from academia, either from the highly technical language of science or from literature. There’s another definition of neologism that’s utilized in psychiatric pharmaceutical. Words that are made up by those with extreme mental ailment or autism, and are utilized and rehashed by the individuals who make them up, may too be called neologisms. In this case, the words have individual meaning as it were and don\u2019t spread to the common dialect. This behavior is, by no implies, as it were characteristic of the rationally sick. When children learn dialect, they as often as possible make up words as well. Twins may create a interesting lexicon that can as it were be get it by each other, but in most cases this dialect will not spread somewhere else.<\/p>\n The charm of the English language is that it\u2019s constantly evolving, incorporating new words such as selfie, meme and hashtags every day.<\/p>\n Neologisms are of three different types: portmanteau (blend words), derived and transferred words.<\/em><\/p>\n Portmanteau or blend words<\/strong> are created by combining existing words. For e.g smog=smoke+fog, brunch=breakfast+lunch.<\/p>\n Derived words<\/strong> are derived from original Latin or Greek phrases. For instance, villa is Latin for house and copious is derived from the Latin copia.<\/p>\n Transferred words<\/strong> use phrases directly from other languages and adjust the spelling or sound to neologise it fully. For example, the word \u2018herbs\u2019 is transferred from the French herbes \u00a0while \u2018alligator\u2019 comes from the Spanish el lagarto.<\/p>\n Examples of neologism abound in literature as authors love creating new words. For instance Shakespeare coined \u2018bedazzled\u2019. \u201cPardon, old father, my mistaking eyes, that have been so bedazzled with the sun that everything I look on seemeth green\u201d (Taming of the Shrew). Author Lewis Carroll fans will remember the word \u2018jabberwocky\u2019 from his classic Alice in Wonderland. Carroll coined it to a mix of unintelligible words.<\/p>\n We also meet these neologisms related to education.\u00a0 They are: wanna (want to), gotta (have got to \/ have to), gonna (going to), gimme ( give me), lemme (let me), outta (out of), kinda (kind of ), dunno (don\u2019t know), shoulda (should have).<\/p>\n All this prompts the question: Can anyone create a neologism? The answer is yes. Human beings have a wide range of emotions and all of them don\u2019t have descriptive words yet. However, the reach and usage of the new word subsequent to its creation is what decides whether it is accepted into the English language or disappears into obscurity.<\/p>\n So, how does one coin a new word? Well, you can think of an emotion or idea which doesn\u2019t have a descriptor yet. For example, the thought can be \u2018happy about having holidays.\u2019 You can create a new word by blending holiday and happy \u2014 \u2018hollipy\u2019. \u201cI am feeling hollipy. Exams are finally over.\u201d If students start using hollipy regularly, you could find it making its way into the Oxford dictionary!<\/p>\n In recent years, in the field of medicine, new neologism words have appeared related to the events that happened. They are:<\/p>\n Anthropause-<\/strong> The global slowdown of travel and other human activity due to the Covid-19 lockdown.<\/p>\n Anti-mask \/ Anti-masker<\/strong> – Term for a person who opposes wearing a face mask during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/p>\n Anti-vaxxer<\/strong> – A person opposed to vaccination.<\/p>\n Coronavirus – <\/strong>A type of virus that can cause illnesses such as the common cold, or serious diseases such as SARS and COVID-19.<\/p>\n Covid-19<\/strong> -A potentially severe, primarily respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus and characterised by fever, coughing, and shortness of breath. In some patients, the disease can also damage major organs, as the heart or kidney.<\/p>\n Covididiot<\/strong>– A person who refuses to take the necessary precautions designed to prevent the spread of coronavirus.<\/p>\n Lockdown<\/strong> – The imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to pubic spaces.<\/p>\n Mascallergy <\/strong>– The fear of wearing a mask.<\/p>\n Mask acne<\/strong> \u2013 acne caused by wearing a mask.<\/p>\n Rat-licker<\/strong> – Someone who does not wear an anti-covid viral mask.<\/p>\n Super-spreader<\/strong> – A person who transmits an infectious disease to a very large number of people.<\/p>\n Twindemic<\/strong> – Possibility of a severe flu season alongside increases in cases of Covid-19<\/p>\n Zoombombing<\/strong> – Zoom is a digital platform for online meetings. As a result of the Covid-19 virus, Zoom is now widely used in social and work settings. Its early versions allowed for low security, and often meetings were \u201cbombed\u201d \u2013 disrupted by uninvited people who put up pornographic images or used profanities.<\/p>\n Rona<\/strong> is an informal shortening of\u00a0coronavirus. Coronavirus\u00a0is popularly shortened to\u00a0corona, which was apparently further\u00a0clipped to\u00a0rona. Rona\u00a0is often used as a playful or ironic way to refer to\u00a0Covid-19, especially when commenting on more relatable, humorous challenges of social distancing during the pandemic.<\/p>\n Cornteen<\/strong>\u00a0is an intentional misspelling of\u00a0quarantine, often used in ironic commentary on what it\u2019s like to be at home during the coronavirus pandemic.\u00a0It may have originated as an actual misspelling of\u00a0quarantine.<\/p>\n Covidiot –<\/strong> A blend of\u00a0Covid-19\u00a0and\u00a0idiot,\u00a0covidiot\u00a0is a slang insult for someone who disregards healthy and safety guidelines about the novel coronavirus. Some signs of\u00a0covidiocy<\/strong>\u00a0are: not washing your hands regularly, hanging out in groups of people, standing within six feet of a stranger at the grocery, hoarding items like toilet paper and hand sanitizer all to yourself.<\/p>\n From the second half of the 1950s, a new era began in the development of economic terminology.\u00a0 This period is characterized by the strengthening of the work of economists on the regulation of economics, the activation of Uzbek word-formation tools, the creation of new terms and their introduction into use.\u00a0 Of course, this development process has its own reasons.\u00a0 In particular, it has become an important task to train local personnel who can independently create textbooks, manuals and dictionaries in the field of economics, and who can regulate field terms.\u00a0 Thanks to such measures, an opportunity was created to regulate economics and economics terminology, and to improve the quality of economics education in Uzbekistan.<\/p>\n In general, economic words and terms are lexemes created over long periods of time.\u00a0 It is known that the economy plays an important role in any society.\u00a0 Therefore, the words and terms related to the economy should be clear, concise and logically based.\u00a0 The issue of nationality and internationality in Uzbek economic terminology is a complex issue, because it is not sufficiently resolved not only in Uzbek, but also in other languages.\u00a0 It is known that the acceptance of the term into the language is a complex process.\u00a0 Because the sound system and grammatical construction of the Uzbek language is very different from that of the language in which the term is used.\u00a0 At the same time, the incoming word or term may not be used in another language in its exact meaning. Sometimes, in the course of the introduction of the term, the meaning changes. It is known that terms differ according to a number of features when they pass from one language to another.\u00a0 In particular, the economic word or term accepted phonetically or in terms of sound should correspond to the sounds of the Uzbek language.\u00a0 Incongruent sounds are dropped or replaced.\u00a0 The lexicon of Russian and European languages \u200b\u200bmakes up the main part of the economic words that entered the Uzbek language.\u00a0 Words and terms coming from the English language are being learned through oral and written speech.\u00a0 Economic words transferred from English to Uzbek can be divided into two groups:<\/p>\n And here we can see common neologisms in scientific and technical texts:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n A claim for money \u2013 pul da\u2019vosi<\/p>\n Abandonment of goods \u2013 tovarlarni qoldirish<\/p>\n After-payment \u2013 keyingi, qo\u2018shimcha to\u2018lov<\/p>\n Balance in hand \u2013 naqd pul<\/p>\n Balance of payment \u2013 to\u2018lov balansi<\/p>\n Bank of deposit \u2013 depozit bank<\/p>\n Carry out \u2013 bajarmoq<\/p>\n Bank certificate \u2013 bank sertifikati<\/p>\n Bank confirmation – bank tasdig\u2018i<\/p>\n Calculation number \u2013 hisob-kitob raqami<\/p>\n Calendar year – kalendar yili \u0433\u043e\u0434<\/p>\n Credit card \u2013 kredit kartasi<\/p>\n Draft budget\u2013 byudjet loyihasi<\/p>\n Export duty \u2013 eksport boji<\/p>\n Entry visa \u2013 kirish vizasi<\/p>\n Economic growth \u2013 iqtisodiy o\u2018sish<\/p>\n Foreign market \u2013 tashqi bozor<\/p>\n False bankrupt \u2013 soxta bankrotlik<\/p>\n Financial statements \u2013 moliyaviy hisobot<\/p>\n Basic price \u2013 asosiy narx<\/p>\n Briefing aids \u2013 ko\u2018rsatma<\/p>\n Carrying capacity \u2013yuk ko\u2018tarish qobiliyati<\/p>\n Clearing Bank \u2013 hisob-kitob banki<\/p>\n Carrying charge \u2013 saqlash qiymati<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Scientific and technical neologisms include:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n The rapid development of science and technology has an impact on the fields of education, medicine and economy, as a result of which many new neologisms appear.\u00a0 Students cannot express their opinion clearly and clearly based on the requirements of their field without learning all the neologisms related to their specialty, without having a perfect knowledge of them.\u00a0 Accordingly, future teachers, economists, and medical workers should be thoroughly aware of the peculiarities of the language of their fields.\u00a0 Based on their specialization, our young people contribute to the improvement of the economy, education, medicine and other fields of Uzbekistan, to take a worthy place in the world, protect the interests of our country and demonstrate its strength in foreign countries and in our country.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0References:<\/strong><\/p>\n 4.Tilavova, M. (2021). INVERSION IS A BRIDGE TO THE WONDERS OF THE LANGUAGE WORLD.\u00a0\u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b<\/em> \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/em> \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/em> \u0438<\/em> \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/em>,\u00a02<\/em>(3).<\/p>\n 5.Tilavova, M. (2020). Language is a bridge to the wonders of the world.\u00a0\u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b<\/em> \u0434\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/em> \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/em>, (1).<\/p>\n 6.Tilavova, M. (2021). The Impact Of Motivation In Learning Foreign Languages.\u00a0\u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b<\/em> \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/em> \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/em> \u0438<\/em> \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/em>,\u00a04<\/em>(9).<\/p>\n 7.Cf. Jesperson, O. “Grammar deals with general facts of language and lexicology with special facts”. Philosophy of Grammar.<\/p>\n 8.Mamaraimovna, T. M. (2022, January). THE ROLE OF MODERN UZBEK WOMEN IN THE PROSPERITY OF THE MOTHERLAND. In\u00a0Conference Zone<\/em>\u00a0(pp. 226-230).<\/p>\n 9.Tilavova, M. M. (2022). THEORETICAL GRAMMAR OF ENGLISH AND THE MAIN DOMAINS OF LANGUAGE IN IT.\u00a0Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal<\/em>,\u00a02022<\/em>(1), 320-330.<\/p>\n 10.Tilavova, M. (2021). Variability Of Phraseological Units In English And Semantic Problems In Translation.\u00a0\u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b<\/em> \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/em> \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/em> \u0438<\/em> \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/em>,\u00a04<\/em>(9).<\/p>\n 11.Tilavova, M. (2021). The importance of learning a second language and its benefits for the individual.\u00a0\u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b<\/em> \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/em> \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/em> \u0438<\/em> \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/em>,\u00a04<\/em>(9).<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Muxamedov\u00a0 Azizbek\u00a0 Xolmurod o\u2019g\u2019li, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Philological Sciences Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Tilavova Malika Mamaraimovna, Teacher of English Language Theory and Practice Department, Jizzakh State Pedagogical University<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[145],"tags":[],"sdg_goal":[],"class_list":["post-36474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ommaviy_maqolalar"],"acf":[],"views":1294,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jdpu.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36474","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jdpu.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jdpu.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jdpu.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jdpu.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36474"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jdpu.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36474\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36475,"href":"https:\/\/jdpu.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36474\/revisions\/36475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jdpu.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36474"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jdpu.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36474"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jdpu.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36474"},{"taxonomy":"sdg_goal","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jdpu.uz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sdg_goal?post=36474"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
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